The Birth of a Giant: How South Korean military exports are shaking the weapons market worldwide
By Tudual Le Droumaguet, Sparker at Asia Centre.
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This Spark examines the transformation of South Korea’s defence industry, known domestically as K-Bangsan, into a major global arms exporter, currently ranked ninth worldwide with an ambition to reach fourth place by 2030.
Executive Summary
• After two decades of heavy reliance on the US for its security in the aftermath of the Korean War, South Korea started to build a powerful military-industrial complex called K-Bangsan in order to defend itself against North Korea with more autonomy.
• This military-industrial complex’s dramatic rise was enabled by intense government investments, and priorities on new technologies, drones, AI and innovation.
• Seoul then became a major arms supplier worldwide with ever-increasing sales since the early 2000s, ranking ninth in 2025 and ambitioning to become fourth by 2030. Two key reasons for this success are its openness to build weapons on its customers’ soil and its quick deliveries.
• One of the most strategic markets for South Korea is Eastern Europe, where Poland and Romania ordered weapons to be manufactured locally, hoping to build their own in the future.
• The Middle East is another region where South Korean military exports have heavily increased. Türkiye, Egypt, the UAE and Saudi Arabia are indeed keen to produce their own weapons, as well. This shows how much Seoul is profiting from geopolitical changes that happened in the last few years.
About Asia Sparks
Asia Centre has developed a new program: Asia Sparks, a coaching program for the new generation of researchers. It brings together seniors, called coaches, and Sparkers, young researchers wanting to produce intellectual work on Asia. Each research project is referred to as a “Spark.” This project is coordinated by Élodie Papin, Secretary General of Asia Centre, and the coaches consist of various experts from Asia Centre. Ultimately, the work produced may be published in Asia Trend issues.

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